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What is Ransomware?

Ransomware is a type of malware that encrypts a victim's files, making them inaccessible until a ransom is paid to the attacker.

Ransomware is a type of malware that encrypts a victim's files, making them inaccessible until a ransom is paid to the attacker. Cyber criminals demand payment—often in cryptocurrency—in exchange for the decryption key.

How Does Ransomware Work?

  1. Infection – The victim unknowingly downloads ransomware through phishing emails, malicious websites, or software vulnerabilities.
  2. Encryption – The ransomware encrypts files, making them unusable.
  3. Ransom Demand – A message appears demanding payment in exchange for the decryption key.
  4. Payment or Data Loss – If the ransom isn’t paid, the victim risks losing access to their files permanently. Even if the ransom is paid, there’s no guarantee the attacker will restore access.

Common Types of Ransomware:

🔹 Crypto Ransomware – Encrypts files and demands payment for decryption.
🔹 Locker Ransomware – Locks victims out of their entire system.
🔹 Scareware – Fake security warnings trick users into paying for bogus fixes.
🔹 Doxware (Leakware) – Threatens to leak sensitive data if payment isn’t made.
🔹 Ransomware-as-a-Service (RaaS) – Cyber criminals sell ransomware tools to others.

Notorious Ransomware Attacks:

💀 WannaCry (2017) – Spread globally, affecting over 200,000 computers.
💀 Petya/NotPetya (2017) – Disguised as ransomware but intended for data destruction.
💀 Ryuk – Targeted large businesses, demanding millions in ransom.

How to Prevent Ransomware Attacks:

✅ Backup Your Data Regularly – Keep copies offline and in the cloud.
✅ Use Antivirus & Anti-Ransomware Software – Detects and blocks threats.
✅ Keep Software & Operating Systems Updated – Patches vulnerabilities.
✅ Enable Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) – Adds extra security.
✅ Beware of Phishing Emails & Suspicious Links – Avoid clicking unknown links or downloading attachments.
✅ Restrict User Privileges – Limit access to critical systems and data.
✅ Use Network Segmentation – Isolate infected systems to prevent ransomware from spreading.

What to Do If You’re Infected?

🚨 Disconnect from the Network – Prevents the ransomware from spreading.
🚨 Do Not Pay the Ransom – Paying doesn’t guarantee file recovery and encourages cyber crime.
🚨 Report the Attack – Contact authorities (e.g., FBI, CISA, Europol).
🚨 Attempt Recovery – Use backups or decryption tools if available.