What is Malware?

Malware (Malicious Software) is any software designed to harm, exploit, or disrupt computers, networks, or devices. Cyber criminals use malware to steal data, spy on users, damage systems, or take control of devices.

Common Types of Malware:

🔹 Viruses – Infects files and spreads when executed.
🔹 Worms – Self-replicates and spreads across networks without user action.
🔹 Trojans – Disguised as legitimate software but contains hidden malicious functions.
🔹 Ransomware – Encrypts files and demands payment to unlock them.
🔹 Spyware – Secretly monitors user activity and steals sensitive data.
🔹 Adware – Displays unwanted ads, sometimes leading to further infections.
🔹 Rootkits – Hides deep inside a system, allowing attackers persistent access.
🔹 Keyloggers – Records keystrokes to steal passwords and other sensitive information.
🔹 Botnets – Turns infected devices into part of a network used for cyber attacks (e.g., DDoS attacks).

How Malware Spreads:

⚠️ Phishing Emails – Attachments or links that install malware.
⚠️ Infected Websites (Drive-by Downloads) – Simply visiting a malicious website can infect a system.
⚠️ Fake Software Downloads – Malware disguised as legitimate software.
⚠️ USBs and External Devices – Plugging in infected drives spreads malware.
⚠️ Unpatched Software – Exploits security weaknesses in outdated software.

How to Protect Against Malware:

✅ Use Antivirus & Anti-Malware Software – Detects and removes threats.
✅ Keep Software Updated – Patch vulnerabilities to prevent exploitation.
✅ Avoid Suspicious Links & Attachments – Verify before clicking.
✅ Enable Firewalls & Security Features – Blocks unauthorized access.
✅ Use Strong Passwords & MFA – Adds extra layers of security.
✅ Backup Important Data Regularly – Prevents data loss from ransomware attacks.