What is identity and access management (IAM)?

IAM authenticates, authorises, and manages user identities, reducing security risks like unauthorised access, insider threats, and cyber attacks.

🔹 Why is IAM Important?

🔐 Enhances Security – Prevents unauthorised access to sensitive data.
⚖️ Ensures Compliance – Meets GDPR, ISO 27001, PCI DSS, HIPAA regulations.
🖥️ Supports Remote & Hybrid Work – Controls secure access from anywhere.
🚀 Reduces Insider Threats – Limits employee access to only necessary resources.

🔹 Key Components of IAM

1️⃣ Authentication (Verifying Identity) 🔑

✅ Ensures users are who they claim to be before granting access.
✅ Uses Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA), biometrics, or Single Sign-On (SSO).

2️⃣ Authorisation (Granting Access) 🚦

✅ Defines who can access what based on roles & permissions.
✅ Uses Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) or Least Privilege Access.

3️⃣ User Lifecycle Management 👤

✅ Manages user accounts, permissions, and deactivations.
✅ Ensures employees, contractors, and partners have the right access.

4️⃣ Privileged Access Management (PAM) 🔐

✅ Protects admin accounts & critical systems from misuse.
✅ Ensures high-level access is tightly controlled & monitored.

5️⃣ Identity Federation & Single Sign-On (SSO) 🔄

✅ Allows users to log in once & access multiple applications securely.
✅ Uses standards like SAML, OAuth, or OpenID Connect.

🔹 Examples of IAM Solutions

✅ Microsoft Entra ID (Azure AD)
✅ Okta Identity Cloud
✅ Ping Identity
✅ IBM Security Verify
✅ CyberArk (Privileged Access Management)

🔹 How to Implement IAM?

✅ Enforce Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) – Adds an extra security layer.
✅ Apply Least Privilege Access – Users get only the access they need.
✅ Automate User Provisioning & Deactivation – Prevents ex-employees from retaining access.
✅ Monitor & Audit Access Logs – Detects suspicious activity & insider threats.